MEOclassIIexamnotes

RightShip Inspection is a third-party commercial vetting inspection carried out by RightShip to assess a vessel’s safety, environmental performance, and operational standards. It is not a statutory inspection like PSC — it is mainly required by charterers and cargo owners . Purpose Reduce maritime risk Ensure high safety standards Prevent pollution Evaluate vessel suitability before charter Who Requires It? Major charterers (miners, oil majors, commodity traders) Cargo owners before fixing vessel 👉 Without good RightShip rating, ship may not get charter. What is Checked During Inspection? 📘 Documentation Class certificates ISM compliance Crew certification Maintenance records Incident history ⚙️ Physical Inspection Engine room condition Housekeeping standards Safety equipment Pollution prevention measures PMS implementation RightShip Risk Rating (RRR) Vessels are graded based on: Age Casualty history Flag p...

The Nairobi International Convention on the Removal of Wrecks clearly states: ✅ The Registered Shipowner is liable to pay for wreck removal. Key Points 1️⃣ Liability The registered owner of the ship at the time of the maritime casualty is responsible. Liability includes: Locating the wreck Marking the wreck Removing the wreck Preventing hazards to navigation and environment 2️⃣ Compulsory Insurance Ships of 300 GT and above must have: Wreck removal insurance Certificate carried onboard Insurance is usually provided by P&I Clubs . 3️⃣ Direct Action The affected State can claim directly from the insurer. Even if the shipowner cannot pay, the insurer is liable up to the limit. 4️⃣ Limitation of Liability Shipowner can limit liability under: Convention on Limitation of Liability for Maritime Claims (LLMC 1976, as amended) Under the Nairobi Convention 2007, the registered shipowner is strictly liable for wreck removal c...

 Under the International Safety Management Code , the Master plays a key role in monitoring and improving the Safety Management System (SMS). What is Master’s Review? Master’s Review is the periodic review and feedback report submitted by the Master to the company regarding the effectiveness of the SMS onboard. 👉 It is part of continuous improvement required under ISM Code. Legal Basis in ISM Code Relevant sections: ISM Code 5 – Master’s Responsibility & Authority ISM Code 12 – Company verification, review & evaluation The Code requires that: The Master reviews the SMS and reports deficiencies to the company. Purpose of Master’s Review Evaluate effectiveness of SMS onboard Identify deficiencies or practical difficulties Suggest improvements Ensure safety & pollution prevention standards are maintained Provide feedback to shore management What is Included in Master’s Review? Typically: Safety policy implementation status R...

 Under the International Safety Management Code , audits are conducted to verify that the Safety Management System (SMS) is effectively implemented and maintained. Internal Audit (Company Audit) ✅ What is it? An audit conducted by the company itself to verify that ship and office comply with the SMS. ✅ Who Conducts? Company’s designated auditor Independent of the area being audited Appointed by company management ✅ Frequency At least once every year As per company SMS procedures ✅ Purpose Check compliance with SMS Identify non-conformities Improve safety system before external audit Prepare ship for external audit ✅ What is Checked? SMS implementation onboard Records & documentation Drill performance Maintenance system (PMS) Risk assessments ✅ Outcome Internal audit report Corrective actions raised Follow-up verification 👉 Internal audit is a self-check system . External Audit ✅ What is it? Audit conduct...

  Decision-Making Tools in Shipping Decision-making tools in shipping are used by ship staff and management to select the safest, most economical, and compliant option for operations, maintenance, and management. 1️⃣ Risk Assessment / Risk Matrix Evaluates likelihood × severity Mandatory under the ISM Code issued by International Maritime Organization Used for: Hot work Enclosed space entry Critical machinery repairs 2️⃣ SWOT Analysis Strengths, Weaknesses, Opportunities, Threats Used by shipowners/operators for: Fleet expansion New fuel adoption (LNG, methanol) Route planning 3️⃣ Cost–Benefit Analysis (CBA) Compares capital + operating cost vs savings Used for: Scrubber installation Energy-saving devices Automation upgrades 4️⃣ Decision Tree Analysis Visual comparison of multiple options with probabilities Used for: Repair vs replacement of machinery Defer repair or enter dry dock 5️⃣ Pareto Analys...

Green Ammonia is ammonia (NH₃) produced without fossil fuels , using renewable energy , making it a near zero-carbon marine fuel . How Green Ammonia is Produced 1️⃣ Renewable electricity (solar, wind, hydro) 2️⃣ Water electrolysis → Green hydrogen 3️⃣ Nitrogen extracted from air 4️⃣ Hydrogen + Nitrogen → Ammonia (NH₃) via Haber–Bosch process 👉 No CO₂ emissions during production. Why It Is Important for Shipping Driven by decarbonization targets of the  International Maritime Organization Advantages Zero CO₂ emissions at point of use Carbon-free fuel Suitable for long-distance shipping Easier storage than hydrogen (liquid at −33°C) Comparison with Other Ammonia Types Type                Production Method                     CO₂ Emissions Grey Ammonia                Fossil fuel       ...

Blue Ammonia is ammonia (NH₃) produced from natural gas , where the CO₂ generated during production is captured and stored using carbon capture technology. It is considered a low-carbon marine fuel option for future shipping. How Blue Ammonia is Produced 1️⃣ Natural gas → converted to hydrogen (via steam methane reforming) 2️⃣ CO₂ produced during process 3️⃣ CO₂ is captured using Carbon Capture and Storage (CCS) 4️⃣ Hydrogen + Nitrogen → Ammonia (NH₃) Why It Is Called “Blue”? Grey ammonia → CO₂ released to atmosphere Blue ammonia → CO₂ captured & stored Green ammonia → Produced using renewable electricity (no fossil fuel) Why Shipping Is Interested? Driven by decarbonization targets set by the International Maritime Organization Advantages: No CO₂ emitted during combustion Carbon-free fuel at point of use Suitable for large ocean-going vessels Easier to store than hydrogen Challenges in Marine Use ⚠️ Toxic and corrosive ⚠️ Requires speci...