MEOclassIIexamnotes

  GISIS stands for Global Integrated Shipping Information System . It is an IMO (International Maritime Organization) online platform used to collect, store, and share shipping-related information submitted by Member States. What is GISIS? GISIS is a central database system that supports IMO conventions by improving: Transparency Compliance monitoring Information sharing between Flag States, Port States, and IMO Main information available in GISIS Casualties and incidents Marine accidents Pollution incidents Port State Control (PSC) Detentions Deficiencies Ship identification IMO number Ship particulars Certificates & surveys Statutory certification status Pollution prevention MARPOL violations Oil spill reports Security-related data ISPS Code information GHG & energy efficiency IMO DCS data (restricted access) Who uses GISIS? IMO Secretariat Flag States Port State Control a...

  Carbon sequestration is the process of capturing and storing carbon dioxide (CO₂) to prevent it from entering the atmosphere and contributing to climate change. Types of carbon sequestration 1. Biological (Natural) sequestration Carbon is absorbed and stored by living systems . Examples: 🌳 Forests and trees (photosynthesis) 🌱 Soil and grasslands 🌊 Oceans, mangroves, seagrass (blue carbon) Pros: Natural, low cost Cons: Limited capacity, reversible (fires, deforestation) 2. Geological sequestration CO₂ is captured and stored underground in stable formations. Storage sites: Depleted oil & gas reservoirs Deep saline aquifers Unmineable coal seams Pros: Large storage capacity Cons: Expensive, needs monitoring 3. Technological / Engineered sequestration Man-made methods to capture and store or use CO₂. Examples: Carbon Capture and Storage (CCS) Direct Air Capture (DAC) Carbon Capture and Utilisation (CCU – converting CO₂ into...

  Main sources 🚢 Fuel combustion (main engine, auxiliary engines, boilers) ⚓ Port operations 🔧 Maintenance & dry-docking 📦 Cargo handling 🏗️ Ship construction & recycling (life-cycle emissions) Types (IMO context) Operational carbon footprint Emissions during ship operation Life-cycle carbon footprint From building → operation → scrapping Measurement & regulations CO₂e used for comparison of different gases IMO DCS – Data Collection System EEXI – Energy Efficiency Existing Ship Index CII – Carbon Intensity Indicator SEEMP – Ship Energy Efficiency Management Plan How shipping reduces carbon footprint Slow steaming Efficient voyage planning Hull & propeller maintenance Use of low-carbon fuels (LNG, biofuel, methanol, ammonia) Energy-saving devices Shore power at berth Why it matters Climate change impact Regulatory compliance Lower fuel cost Better CII rating & c...

 Radio Communication Aids to Navigation Vessel traffic services Ship reporting system Search and Rescue services Metrological services and warning Casuality investigation Prevention of Pollution

Main Causes Hydrostatic and Hydrodynamic Loading condition Temperature Changes Grounding or Collision Structural deformation Types Hogging Sagging Shear deformation Torsional deformation Local Buckling Effects of Hull deformation Misalignment of Propulsion shaft Structural fatigue and cracking Reduced water tight integrity Impaired stability and seaworthiness Prevention Hull monitoring system Proper loading practices Regular inspection Repair and maintenance Structural Reinforcement

Under the  CLC (Civil Liability Convention) 1969/1992 , compensation is limited to specific pollution damage. The following  areas are NOT covered  under the CLC Convention: Pollution from non-persistent oils Example: diesel, gasoline, kerosene, lubricating oil (unless carried as cargo in bulk) Pollution from bunker fuel Covered separately under the Bunker Convention 2001 Pollution damage occurring outside a State Party’s territory If the affected area is not within the territorial sea or EEZ of a CLC State Pollution caused by warships or non-commercial government vessels Naval ships, state-owned ships on non-commercial service Damage to the ship itself Hull damage, machinery damage, or loss of ship value Personal injury or loss of life Only pollution damage is covered, not crew or third-party injury claims Property damage not caused by oil pollution Damage must be a direct result of oil pollution Pure economic lo...

  Anti-fouling purpose  Red area is coated with anti-fouling paint Prevents marine growth (barnacles, algae, mollusks. Reduces drag, fuel consumption, and maintenance Copper-based paint Traditional anti-fouling paints contain copper compounds (cuprous oxide). Copper gives the paint a red / reddish-brown color Copper ions are toxic to marine organisms, preventing growth Reduced fuel consumption Clean hull improves fuel efficiency by up to 10–15% Less fouling = smoother hull = lower water resistance Corrosion protection Acts as a protective barrier Reduces direct contact between steel hull and seawater Slows down corrosion Industry standard (not mandatory) Red color is widely recognized Cost-effective and proven over decades Other colors (blue, black, green) are also used today Easy inspection during dry dock Strong contrast makes it easier to spot: Damage Wear Fouling patterns