MEOclassIIexamnotes

The atmosphere inside a crankcase is stable and will not allow combustion or an  explosion to occur as there is no ignition or fuel source.  Hence the first event is the production of an explosive mixture. This will occur when  the lube oil in the crankcase is heated by a “hot spot” and lube oil coming into contact  with this will be evaporated. The evaporated oil then rises within the crankcase, and  then condenses in a cooler part of the crankcase. The resultant white mist is within the  explosive envelope, and is thus flammable.  The second event is the ignition of this white mist by either the same or another hot  spot within the crankcase. When the oil mist is ignited, a crankcase explosion will  occur, which will raise the pressure within the crankcase.  One of the common areas of overheating is the various bearings within the crankcase.  Hence bearing temperature monitors could be used to indicate that a bearing is  overheating and could be oil mist generation site.  The rapi

Classification Societies within IACS (International Association of Classification  Societies) such as LR, ABS, GL, DnV, BV, etc require that all machinery under their  Rules must be surveyed every five years. To reduce this heavy work load this would  entail if all surveys were done at one time, all Class Societies will allow some items to  be surveyed in rotation, over a number of annual cycles. Hence over the five year  cycle of surveys, surveys are continuous, hence the term CSM

Cloverleafing will be caused when the supply of lube oil is not uniform around the  radial bore of the liner. The normal effect is for the oil to reduce in alkalinity away  from the injection point, thus if the oil becomes acidic then high corrosive wear rates  will result. This will cause uneven bore wear rates, with heavy wear in the areas  furthest away from the oil injection points  Microseizure is caused when the liner and piston ring material is pressed together  causing localised welding of the material in the absence of sufficient lube oil. The  causes are insufficient oil and/or excessive cylinder pressures causes heavy ring/liner  contact forces. The appearance is heavy scratching/tearing in the vertical direction,  together with a localised hardening of the ring and liner material.  The cylinder oil will require  • Ample viscosity to separate the surfaces under high loading conditions  • Sufficient alkaline reserve to neutralise the acids formed by combustion of  residual

Water hammer occurs when steam is admitted into a cold pipeline. The steam condenses  producing both water, and a vacuum (when the water seals the pipeline from the steam  supply). This vacuum causes the water plug to be drawn into the closed end of the pipe with  increasing velocity producing high impact forces on the pipework. This impact force can be  high enough to rupture the pipeline. Water hammer is avoided by slowly admitting the steam into the cold line, and  draining/venting the cold line to minimise the vacuum forming, and assist in draining the  condensate.  Testing of the boiler water is important to determine that the level of chlorides is within acceptable limits (below 200 ppm) to prevent hard scale  and pitting   the reserve of boiler chemicals within the boiler water is accepted (P Alk above 100 ppm,  and Phosphate above 20ppm)  Treatment of the boiler water with chemicals will ensure  Alkalinity reserve against boiler water space corrosion  Scale build-up is m

Forr large propulsion engines the Bridge Control is achieved by using the telegraph to  select the desired speed and direction.  When the bridge telegraph is placed in Stop, the fuel is prevented from injecting as  the fuel pump puncture valves are energised.  When the bridge telegraph is moved to an ahead command, the air start and fuel cams  are placed in the required direction, and the start command is given. This will admit  starting air to the engine. Once the engine is turning above the starting speed, the air is  closed and fuel is admitted. The quantity of fuel admitted will depend on the position  of the telegraph handle, i.e. slow ahead, full ahead, etc.  When the bridge telegraph is moved to an astern direction, the air start and fuel cams  are reversed. Once the air start is reversed, the engine will start as detailed for the  ahead start

The fuel index is an indication of the active stroke of the fuel pump. This controlled  by push rods on the individual fuel pumps connected to the fuel rack , which in turn is controlled by the engine governer When the engine is given a speed command the governer increases the fuel index , subkect to certain limitations , until the requested engine speed is reached

Galling usually refers to the adhesive wear  and transfer of material between metallic surfaces in relative converging contact during sheet metal forming and other industrial operations .

The " sac" is a small volume within the fuel flow path of an electronic fuel injector . In this study , it is defined as the volume between the valve seat ( fuel shut off point ) and the entrance to the final metering orifice of the injector . This sac causes fuel injectors to deliver uncalliberated excess fuel when the engine is operated under closed throttle , high manifold vacuum conditions such as vehicle decelerations or idle.

The cam for the air distributer serves its purpose only while starting the engine . Actually if you see there is no other requirement of this particular cam while the engine is continue in operation. Therefore if a cam ( normal possitive ) is used then wear of this particular cam will be abviated and will be expensive to repair / replace this cam . So when the engine has started and the vessel is enroute a voyage , then this particular cam turns without any running gear touching it. It comes into play only starting

Floating ring acts as a cylinder for waste steam piston while blow down ring is on the valve seat and is used to adjust the blowdown of the valve

By being in pieces each pad can generate its own hydrodynamic film  , so as compared to a normal journal bearing more area can be utilized for the film and taking load. The wedge formed using a single piece would make it tilt in such aanner causing huge clearances at one end  By single pieces you can get more or less even oil distributiom